D. Srinivasa Reddy obtained his PhD in Synthetic Organic Chemistry under the guidance of Prof. Goverdhan Mehta from the University of Hyderabad. Later postdoctoral work under Prof. Sergey A. Kozmin followed with Prof. Jeffrey Aubé at the University of Kansas, USA. Before embarking on his journey in Academia at CSIR-NCL, Dr Reddy worked in the industry for seven years Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories and TATA Advinus. Two projects that he led at Dr Reddy’s and TATA Advinus went through the full cycle of hit identification, hits-to-leads and lead optimization phases. Under his project leadership, the drug candidate LIK066 was discovered in a collaboration program between Novartis & Advinus which was in advanced human clinical trials (Phase II). During his tenure in CSIR-NCL, his team out-licensed patent/technology (two nos.). During his tenure as a director of CSIR-IIIM, Jammu & Kashmir, he played a key role in popularizing Purple Revolution for the benefit of farmers in Jammu & Kashmir and DCGI approval of Hydroxyurea drug in India for Sickle cell anaemia patients. Presently he is the Director of CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad where the institute focus is on healthcare, chemicals, energy and environment.

Prof C. Oliver Kappe is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Graz (Austria) and Scientific Director of the Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) at the Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE). He received his diploma (1989) and his doctoral (1992) degrees in organic chemistry from the University of Graz where he worked with Gert Kollenz on cycloaddition and rearrangement reactions of acylketenes. After periods of postdoctoral research work on reactive intermediates and matrix isolation spectroscopy with Curt Wentrup at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia (1993-1994) and on synthetic methodology/alkaloid synthesis with Albert Padwa at Emory University in Atlanta, USA (1994-1996), he moved back to the University of Graz in 1996 to start his independent academic career. He obtained his „Habilitation“ in 1998 in organic chemistry and was appointed Associate Professor in 2000. Since 2011 he is Professor for „Technology of Organic Synthesis“ (Organische Synthesetechnologie) at the Institute of Chemistry at the University of Graz. He has spent time as visiting scientist/professor at e.g. the Scripps Research Institute (La Jolla, USA, K. Barry Sharpless, 2003), the Toyko Institute of Technology (Toyko, Japan, T. Takahashi, 2008), the Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research (Orlando, USA, 2010) and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2013-2015).

Professor Kappe has an extensive general experience and a more than 30 year track record in synthetic and physical organic chemistry, process intensification using batch microwave technology and flow chemistry/microreaction technology, communicated in ~450 scientific publications (Publons, WoS h-Index 80; 2018 Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher). For the past decade the focus of his research has been directed towards flow chemistry/microreaction technology, encompassing a wide variety of synthetic transformations and experimental techniques. His research group is actively involved in projects dealing with API synthesis and sustainable manufacturing, employing a number of different enabling and process intensification technologies. For his innovative work in microwave chemistry he received the 2004 Prous Science Award from the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry and the 2010 100.000 € Houska Prize, in addition to a number of other awards. In 2015 he was named Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 2018 is received the IUPAC-ThalesNano Award in Flow Chemistry.

Prof. C. Oliver Kappe is the Founding Editor (Editor-in-Chief from 2011-2018) of the Journal of Flow Chemistry (Springer) and a board member of the Flow Chemistry Society. He currently serves as an Editor for Chemistry-Methods (Wiley) and has been an Editor of the Journal QSAR and Combinatorial Sciences (Wiley-VCH, 2003-2007). In addition he serves on the Editorial/Advisory Boards of Green Chemistry, Reaction Chemistry & Engineering (RSC), Organic Process Research & Development (ACS), and Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry (Elsevier). For several years he has been teaching courses on flow chemistry for Scientific Update.

Dr. Yi Jiang is an internationally recognized leader in continuous manufacturing, flow chemistry, and industrial innovation. Over a career spanning more than three decades, he has contributed to the development, scale-up, and commercialization of advanced chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies across North America, Europe, and Asia. Dr. Jiang recently retired from Corning Incorporated after 22 years of leadership roles, culminating as Division Vice President and General Manager of the company's Advanced Flow Reactor (AFR) and Advanced Flow Pharmaceutical Technology (AFPT)
businesses. Under his leadership, Corning's flow technology platform expanded globally and contributed to more than 100 industrial continuous manufacturing projects across the pharmaceutical, chemical, agrochemical, and advanced materials industries. Today, Dr. Jiang is Founder and CEO of Leapstar Technologies, LLC, and Visiting Professor of Practice at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University. His work focuses on next- generation continuous manufacturing systems, advanced reactor technologies, process intensification, and innovation ecosystems that accelerate the commercialization of emerging technologies.

Marcus Baumann graduated from Philipps-University Marburg (Germany) in 2007 before moving to Cambridge/UK to study for a PhD with Prof. Steven V. Ley FRS. On completion of his PhD in 2010 he was awarded a Feodor-Lynen postdoctoral fellowship by the Humboldt foundation allowing him to join the research group of Prof. Larry E. Overman at the University of California in Irvine. After two years in Irvine, he returned to the UK to work with Prof. Ian R. Baxendale at the University of Durham applying flow methodology to the scaled synthesis of biologically relevant chemical entities.

He joined the School of Chemistry at UCD in 2017 where he was recently promoted to Full Professor of Organic Chemistry. His research targets the development of new continuous flow technologies applied to the effective chemical synthesis of various industrially relevant target molecules. Current areas of interest include process development, reaction scale-up, photochemistry, telescoped multi-step sequences and biocatalysis. 

Nikolay Cherkasov received his Ph.D. from Moscow University (Russia) and spend 10 years in academia working on catalysis and continuous processing. He has 50+ research papers in the area of catalysis, process development & automation, and process intensification. The academic work led to the establishment of the company, Stoli Chem, which innovates continuous chemical production achieving efficiency and sustainability.

Dr. Iryna Savych earned her PhD in Organic Chemistry from the University of Rostock and completed an Executive MBA at the Mannheim Business School in Germany. She worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Clausthal University of Technology, collaborating with Novaled GmbH and Samsung on OLED materials, with a focus on boranes for n-dopants and fluorinated boron compounds. Transitioning to industry, she joined GXC Coatings GmbH, where she developed UV-curable (meth)acrylate-based easy-to-clean and scratch-resistant coatings. Later, as Head of Materials & Process Engineering and Innovation Team at BBC Cellpack Electrical Products, she led R&D strategy and material development for polyurethane, polybutadiene, and silicone-based systems. Since 2024, Dr. Savych has served as Head of the Division of Flow and Formulation Chemistry at Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM in Mainz, Germany. The division specializes in microstructured flow reactors and mixers for precise chemical process control, offering scalable and modular reactor concepts that enable flexible production and reduced time-tomarket. It also provides extensive expertise in transferring batch processes to continuous manufacturing at pilot and production scale, alongside industry-relevant know-how in electrochemistry, photochemistry, reactive intermediate synthesis, nanoparticle production, and nanoformulation development. Dr. Iryna Savych is passionate about excellent research and the successful transfer of innovative technologies into industry.

Dr. Aiichiro Nagaki received his Ph.D. from Kyoto University in 2005. After completing a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Tokyo, he joined the faculty of Kyoto University, where he served as Assistant Professor, Junior Associate Professor, and Associate Professor. Since 2022, he has been a Professor at Hokkaido University. His research focuses on synthetic organic chemistry, particularly flow microreactor chemistry, flash synthesis, and the development of innovative synthetic methodologies. He has made significant contributions to the advancement of flow chemistry and its applications in organic synthesis. His achievements have been recognized with several prestigious awards, including the Incentive Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry (2012), the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Award (2012), the Chemical Society of Japan Award for Creative Work (2023), and the SPSJ Mitsubishi Chemical Award (2023).

Wouter Stam is the Founder and CEO of Flowid, a Dutch company that implements flow chemistry on an industrial scale. Under his leadership Flowid has developed into a major player in the world of continuous manufacturing by delivering numerous flow plants worldwide. By selecting the best available technologies, including the proprietary SpinPro reactors, Flowid’s clients can expect more from their chemistry in terms of safety, quality and profitability. Today, Wouter is recognized as a visionary leader in the flow chemistry community, combining technical excellence with practical application to drive global implementation of continuous manufacturing.

Dr. Eric Wu is General Manager of Corning Advanced Flow Pharmaceutical Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (AFPT). In this role, he leads a team that provides consulting, training, process development, industrialization design, and project execution services to global chemical and pharmaceutical customers using Corning Advanced-FlowTM Reactor (AFR) and other continuous flow technologies. Under his leadership, the team has supported customers in deploying more than 200 industrial Corning AFR systems worldwide. Since joining Corning in 2013, Eric has held a series of technical, commercial, and leadership roles, including Senior Application Engineer, Director of the Corning Reactor Technology Center (China), Regional Commercial Director for Corning AFR in East Asia, Commercial & Technical Director of Corning AFPT, and Director of the Corning Advanced Flow Academy. Before joining Corning, he worked at Lonza as a Senior Scientist, focusing on pharmaceutical synthesis process development and scale-up for commercial manufacturing. Eric received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2010. He has authored more than 10 SCI-indexed publications and is the inventor or co-inventor of multiple patents.

Srividya heads R&D for drug substance development at Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad. She holds a B.Tech from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and Ph.D. from Princeton University in Chemical Engineering. She has more than 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry, working at Bristol-Myers Squibb in New Jersey followed by Dr. Reddy’s. Srividya is passionate about advanced manufacturing technologies. She has been recognized for Leadership Commitment at UN Women India 2020 WEPs (Women’s Empowerment Principles) awards. She is one of the 51 women featured in “WiSTEM 2021”, an e-book released by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on Indian women in STEM.

Dr. Sreepriya Vedantam is a Chemical Engineer with research experience in the area of Design and Scale-up of Chemical Process Equipment for Process Development, Process Intensification including flow processes using MRT, Multiphase flows with phase change (Crystallization), Computational and Experimental Fluid Dynamics. She carries experience in CFD modeling of single and multi-phase flows including phase change involving laminar and turbulent flows, Model Integration, Compartmental Modeling at various scales.

Dr Satyanarayana Thirunahari is currently working as a General Manager at Laurus Labs Limited, Hyderabad, responsible for process engineering of active pharmaceutical ingredients, scale up and technology transfer to manufacturing scale. He has 15+ years of experience in working with various industries like Dr Reddys Labs Hyderabad, Applied Process Company Limited Ireland, ICES Singapore etc. He holds a PhD degree in chemical engineering from National University of Singapore. He published 7+ articles in international journals and gave several talks in various national and international conferences. He has 17+ patents to his name. His core expertise areas are process scale up & technology transfer, continuous/flow manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, polymorph & particle engineering, process analytical technologies, application of AI/ML methodologies in chemical engineering etc.

Dr. Lalit Kumar spearheads the development and scale-up of continuous flow processes for drug substances, intermediates, and early-stage small molecules at Aarti Pharmalabs, delivering innovative solutions for CDMO clients. His pioneering flow chemistry implementations boost safety, efficiency, and sustainability through process intensification—reducing costs, minimizing waste, and maximizing yields.
With 15 years of rich experience across pharmaceutical and agrochemical organizations including Sun Pharma, Jubilant Pharmova, PI Industries, and Micro Labs, Dr. Kumar has scaled multiple molecules in both batch and continuous flow modes. His expertise involves continuous flow chemistry, process development, process safety, and crystallization techniques.
A PhD in Organic Chemistry from Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Dr. Kumar's doctoral research pioneered novel reagent systems for instantaneous, efficient, and selective halogenation of organic intermediates. He has authored 9 articles in international peer-reviewed journals from publishers such as the ACS, RSC, Elsevier, and Taylor & Francis, and holds 4 patents.

Karunanidhi Gnanavelu, Ph.D., Director-Head of Operations, earned his Ph.D. from Vellore Institute of Technology in Vellore, India. As a founding member of Anthem, he has been integral to the team since its inception. With over 25 years of experience in pharmaceutical research and development, he is a prominent leader in the field, specializing in developing and commercializing products across various life science industries. He leads the new technology division, which focuses on creating synthetic strategies for cost-effective and safe chemical transformations. Dr. Gnanavelu is an expert in flow technology and played a pivotal role in establishing Anthem's development and scale-up facilities in Unit II and Unit III.

Dr. Chander Singh Bohara is a seasoned pharmaceutical scientist and Deputy General Manager at Sun Pharma, with over 21 years of experience in API process development, process intensification, and flow chemistry. He holds a Ph.D. in Flow Chemistry from CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad, and has built extensive expertise in developing innovative and scalable processes for pharmaceutical APIs and intermediates. Before joining Sun Pharma, Dr. Bohara worked with leading pharmaceutical organizations including Aarti, Macleods, Mylan, and Cipla, where he contributed significantly to advanced R&D, API process development, and the implementation of flow chemistry technologies. His core expertise encompasses flow chemistry, API development, API manufacturing, and continuous process development. He has demonstrated strong capabilities in designing, developing, and commercializing continuous flow processes at both laboratory and plant scales. He has also played a key role in establishing and managing flow chemistry platforms, driving process intensification, and translating innovative laboratory concepts into commercially viable manufacturing processes.

Dr. Bohara has contributed to several notable flow chemistry projects and publications, including “Continuous Flow Process for Preparing Budesonide” published in the Journal of Flow Chemistry in April 2022, “Multi-Step Flow Synthesis of Anthelmintic Drug Praziquantel” published in SynOpen in August 2023, and “Continuous Flow Process for Production of Crisaborole – Industrial Implementation” published in ACS Omega in November 2025. His contributions also extend to intellectual property, with patents including “Novel Polymorphs of Cabozantinib (S)-Malate and Cabozantinib Free Base” (US 20170096395 A1) and “Process for the Purification of Fluticasone Propionate Using a Ketone Solvent and Water as Anti-Solvent” (US 9796750 B2). In recognition of his contributions to pharmaceutical process development and successful commercialization of flow processes, Dr. Bohara received the Best Scientist Award from Cipla Ltd. His career reflects a strong commitment to innovation, process intensification, and the successful transition of flow chemistry technologies from laboratory development to industrial-scale API manufacturing.

Lalit Tryambak Patil is an accomplished pharmaceutical industry professional with extensive expertise in flow chemistry, continuous manufacturing, process development, and pilot plant operations. As a Director, he has successfully led numerous projects involving process development, scale-up, photochemistry, hydrogenation, reactor selection, and the commercialization of continuous manufacturing processes. His experience spans the implementation of advanced reactor technologies, GMP manufacturing, technology transfer, process validation, and operational excellence. Throughout his career, Lalit has played a key role in establishing flow chemistry capabilities and driving the adoption of innovative manufacturing technologies that enhance process safety, product quality, efficiency, and sustainability. His technical proficiency extends to process intensification, risk management, CAPEX planning, and continuous improvement initiatives. Passionate about innovation, he is committed to advancing continuous manufacturing and developing scalable, cost-effective solutions that support the future of pharmaceutical process development and production.

Dr. Amit Srivastava received his PhD in Organic Chemistry from Delhi University, Delhi. He has extensive experience in developing innovative technologies in continuous flow chemistry and process intensification. Currently, Dr. Srivastava has associated with Teva API (TAPI) as Global Flow chemistry SME, supporting India, EU and US site for flow technology. Proven track record of transitioning complex, multi-step batch reactions into streamlined, automated flow processes. Adept at managing hazardous reagents and integrating real-time inline PAT-NIR tools to boost yield and control impurity profile. Operation expenditure (OPEX) savings 20-50%, transitioning from batch to continuous flow. Having more than 15 years of experience across pharmaceutical, CDMO and speciality chemical organizations viz. Sun Pharma, Jubilant Lifesciences, Cadila Pharmaceuticals, and Navin Fluorine, Dr. Srivastava has developed and scaled up many new technologies in flow/continuous, both upstream and downstream at multi-ton scale. His commercial expertise involves continuous chlorination/fluorination in vapor phase, lithiation in Corning G4, multistep synthesis in tubular/slurry flow reactor, liquid-liquid extraction in centrifugal extractor, continuous distillation in ATFD/SPDU, continuous crystallization in PFC.

Dr. Chandrakanth R. Gadipelly is an accomplished flow chemistry researcher and process engineer specializing in continuous flow processing, process intensification, catalysis, and continuous reactor development. He currently serves as Head of the Flow Chemistry Process Development Laboratory,
R&D, Amar Equipment Pvt. Ltd., and Co-founder - Amar Flow Laboratory, where he leads the development and scale-up of continuous manufacturing technologies and the transformation of conventional batch processes into safer, more efficient, and scalable flow processes. His work spans the development and industrial implementation of flow chemistry solutions for pharmaceutical APIs, agrochemicals, fine and specialty chemicals, and dyestuffs, with a strong emphasis on translating laboratory research into commercially viable manufacturing processes. Dr. Gadipelly earned his Ph.D. from the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai, followed by postdoctoral research at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. With more than a
decade of combined academic and industrial R&D experience, he has also worked with Reliance Industries Limited, where his research and process-development initiatives contributed to industrial- scale innovations and significant value creation. An active researcher with more than 1,300 citations, Dr. Gadipelly has made substantial contributions in the areas of catalysis, environmental processes, sustainable chemical technologies, and process intensification. His work is distinguished by a strong focus on bridging the gap between fundamental research, reactor engineering, scale-up, and industrial implementation, with the objective of enabling safer, greener, and more sustainable chemical manufacturing.

Chandrakant is Head – Business development & Applications Engineering, Advanced-Flow Reactor (AFR) Technologies for India, Middle East and Africa and President for Corning Sustainability Network (CSN) India. He is responsible for growth and driving the Flow Reactors market to generate potential new business opportunities with a focus on flow technologies. Chandrakant has been with Corning Reactor Technologies for over Twelve years and has 20+ years of broad and diverse experience in developing market for new products in reactors and mixing technologies for Pharmaceutical, Specialty Chemical & Agro companies. His key focus area is to develop markets for the adoption of continuous flow technologies from lab to production and take the projects from concept to commercialization. Prior to Corning, Chandrakant worked in the Process equipment industry, where he primarily focused on industrial agitators and mixers for various critical applications, reactor designs, and novel reactor application engineering across the commercial productions. Chandrakant holds a B. Tech in Chemical Engineering from University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT).

Mr. Vijendra Singh holds a master’s degree from University of Texas, in Mechanical Engineering with a specialization in Thermal and Fluid Sciences. He brings over a decade of rich experience in the oil & gas and specialty chemicals sectors across North American markets. After 11 years of professional excellence in North America, Mr. Singh transitioned to India, where he currently leads Zaiput’s operations in the subcontinent. In this role, he is instrumental in supporting the pharmaceutical, specialty, and fine chemicals industries by advancing the adoption of innovative flow chemistry solutions.

Marc Piepenbrock was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1977 and after having spent his first 20 years in his native country decided to move the England for his academic career. Consequently, he graduated with the degree of MChem from the University of Hull in 2002 and moved on to work on his PhD thesis from the same institute under the supervision of Prof. Stephen M. Kelly and Prof. Mary O’Neill. In 2006 he obtained his PhD for his work on mercury and cadmium telluride nanoparticles.

He then went on to join the Supramolecular Chemistry Group of Prof. Jonathan Steed at Durham University where he spent three productive years publishing twelve papers in the field of low molecular weight gelators for chemically tuneable materials.

After more than twelve years in the UK he decided to return to his home country where he joined the application laboratory of Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik GmbH near Frankfurt. He started work as a project manager, enabling chemists and process engineers from fine chemical, specialty chemical and pharmaceutical industries to transfer their batch chemistry into continuous flow processes. Now the Head of Process Development he supervises the implementation of the Ehrfeld technology to a great variety of chemistry both on a laboratory as well as pilot and production scale. He is excited to promote this approach to intensifying chemical processes in India together with Ehrfeld’s partner Büchiglas India.

Nikhil Dhage leads the operations of Flowid India, the Indian subsidiary of Flowid BV, the Netherlands. A cum laude graduate in Process Technology from TU Delft, he is passionate about advancing the adoption of flow chemistry and continuous manufacturing technologies. Nikhil works closely with chemical and pharmaceutical companies to identify opportunities for process intensification, improve reaction performance, and enable safe and scalable production. He has a particular interest in fast multiphase reactions and their industrial implementation. Through the application of Flowid’s SpinPro dynamic reactor technology, he helps companies unlock process and performance benefits that can surpass those of conventional plug flow reactors for selected reactions. By bridging chemical insight with engineering expertise, he helps customers unlock the full potential of their chemistry and accelerate process innovation.

Dr. Makarand Pimplapure Founder & Managing Director, MakSpeed Technologies Dr. Makarand Pimplapure is a flow chemistry and process intensification expert with over 20 years of experience in reaction engineering, process development, and industrial implementation. He has held technical and leadership roles in global organizations including Corning, Dow Chemical, GE Plastics, and Indorama. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Twente, The Netherlands and M.Tech. in Chemical Engineering from IIT Madras. His career has focused on translating laboratory chemistry into safe, scalable, and economically viable continuous manufacturing processes.
Dr. Pimplapure has worked with pharmaceutical, fine and specialty chemical, petrochemical, polymer, and agrochemical companies on:
 Flow chemistry process development and implementation
 Batch-to-continuous process conversion
 Safe execution of highly exothermic and hazardous chemistries
 Process intensification, optimization, and scale-up from laboratory to commercial production 

As the Founder and Managing Director of MakSpeed Technologies, he leads the development of indigenous continuous flow manufacturing technologies, including flow reactors, precision dosing systems, and integrated process solutions. Under his leadership, MakSpeed partners with industry to accelerate process development, evaluate the feasibility of continuous manufacturing, and scale chemical processes with an emphasis on safety, reproducibility, and manufacturing efficiency.

Darshan Chheda is an Assistant Manager in the Business Development division at Amar Equipment, where he works at the intersection of engineering, strategy, and technology commercialization. He previously served as a Process Engineer, focusing on process development, high-pressure reactions,
continuous flow chemistry, and Process Analytical Technology. Darshan holds an MSc in Chemical Engineering from TU Delft, Netherlands, and a Bachelor's degree in Organic Chemistry from the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai. His interests include sustainable chemistry, catalysis, process intensification, and translating innovative technologies into scalable industrial solutions.

Abhijeet Kulkarni is a Chemical Engineer, inventor, and technology entrepreneur specializing in continuous flow chemistry, process intensification, reactor engineering, and industrial scale-up. He is the Founder and Managing Director of Proburgeon Pvt. Ltd., developing the FlowRHEX® platform for process-specific continuous flow reactors and intensified chemical processes. Abhijeet holds a M.Tech. in Chemical Engineering with specialization in Computer Aided Process and Equipment Design from NIT Warangal, with a Gold Medal in Batch 2015.

Since founding Proburgeon in 2018, he has led the development and industrial implementation of plate, tubular static-mixer and 3D-mixer, slurry, and photochemical flow reactors, along with automated and modular process systems. His experience spans laboratory, pilot, and production-scale installations and wide range of chemical processes, including nitration, halogenation, pyrophoric, hazardous, oxidation, sulphonation, amination, diazotization, and other highly exothermic and multiphase reactions. He is an inventor with two patents to his name, two published research papers, and three additional patent applications currently under examination. His technical work reflects a strong interest in bridging the gap between laboratory chemistry and industrial manufacturing through practical reactor engineering, process intensification, experimentation, and scale-up. His approach combines fundamental engineering with the pragmatic problem-solving often required to make challenging flow processes work at laboratory and pilot scale before translating them into reliable, automated, and commercially viable industrial systems.